Sanitary landfill pdf

Chemical oxidation has been ing the chemical components metals, volatile fatty acids, alco- developed as a method for the early-stabilization of landfills.

Therefore, toxicity tests have become useful tools for spectrometry ICP-MS and, gas chromatography and mass spec- detecting the changes of leachate quality as a way to complement trometry GC-MS ] that conform to international standards were the chemical oxidation method Eun-ah et al. Toxicity of municipal dump leachate was tested on zebra fish Brachydanio Fish test rerio Sisinno et al. Both species are native to the rivers of Another study had used juveniles and adults of Japanese south-east Asia and are freshwater fish although C.

Species used in this study were chate Osaki et al. However, the absence of landfill toxic- obtained from commercial aquaculture in Malaysia. Toxicity test ity data on fresh water local fishes, Pangasius sutchi and Clarias of the raw leachate was carried out on fish species based on the batrachus is a subject of concern since both fish species are following procedure.

Additionally, it is also meant to generate landfill lea- added into each of the aquarium, and aerated continuously for 1 chate toxic potency data for both fish species which can serve as week with an air pump of 0. This was to remove any indicator organisms for leachate pollution in Malaysian waters. The fish was later put into the aquarium maintained at pH 7. The fish were acclimated for 7 days without further aeration to resem- Site characterization ble the natural aquatic environment.

There was much unfilled air Air Hitam Sanitary Landfill AHSL leachate was used in this space in the aquarium that allows for moderate natural aeration. It was an active The test organisms were fed with commercial fish feed mainly landfill from — AHSL is a sanitary landfill with all pellets. Feeding was stopped 48 h prior to initiating the acute requirements for environmental quality assessment Fauziah and toxicity testing APHA, This was to reduce metabolic Agamuthu, Each slide was viewed under light microscope while experiment.

Proper measures were taken to ensure that less than alternating the magnifications to obtain clear image. The lens, Dinoeyes 1. Laboratory static test was carried nied by strong ammoniac odour Table 1. The pH of the leachate out to determine the median lethal concentration LC50 of the was slightly alkaline at pH 8. Total oxygen content ity. A range finding test was The result showed high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen carried out with widely spaced concentrations 50, 25, A total of Finally, 5.

Basically heavy metals such as Pb and Cd were not detected in the A control group of equal number of fish was set up without landfill leachate, but 0. Dissolved oxygen level of not less Table 1. The water temperature was main- among others were also obtained from the leachate analysis. All experiments were conducted on 96 h basis and no characterize the leachate from the landfill. The chemical groups feeding was done during the experiment. The mortality and included are monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and semivolatile behavioural changes of both control and exposed groups were organic carbon, as shown in Table 1; while others were organo- recorded daily at 12 h intervals.

Zero mortality was maintained phosphorus pesticides, organochlorine pesticides, volatile fatty in the control group thereby allaying fear of experimental inter- acids, alcohols and chlorinated hydrocarbons Table 2.

The ference due to starvation. Dead fish were immediately removed study revealed low concentrations of the aforementioned param- from the experiment in order to prevent DO depletion typical eters. However, there were traces of benzene, toluene and ethyl of static bioassay and ensure proper preservation for tissue benzene at 0.

Although most of the parameters were less than 0. Tissue analysis histology method Based on the acute toxicity test, the result showed there was For further examination and evaluation of leachate effect on the no mortality at all in the control group throughout the duration of test organisms other than mortality rate, laboratory analysis of the experiment. However, this was not the case with the exposed gills of the dead fish were conducted with histology approach.

The effect of leachate concentration was demonstrated by Sample abstraction and fixation were done on all the concentra- the mortality responses. Care was taken to avoid leachate concentration. Steps observed in the preparation of these 3. However, embedding and sectioning, and affixing of tissue sections onto the peaks of mortality were at the 12th and 36th hour of exposure.

The prepared tissue slides were transferred into caplin jars The least mortality was 3. Emenike et al. Table 1. Physico-chemical parameters of the raw leachate pronounced components. Physico-chemical parameters of the raw leachate non-pronounced components. Stained gills of the control group of P. A microscopic view after Harris haemtoxylin and eosin staining Figure 1.

The mortality effect of different concentrations of the gills of P. This shows number of deaths recorded when P. Figure 4. Stained gills of the exposed group of P.

A microscopic view after Harris haemtoxylin and eosin staining of the gills of P. Figure 2. This shows number of deaths recorded when C. The LC50 values were 3. For C. Stained gills of the control group of C. The result reflects a proper detection of nucleus and cytoplasm. This was characterized by the deep blue and pink coloration which represents the nucleus and cyto- C.

It was observed under microscopic view that the plasm, respectively. The gills of extreme-situation exposed fish lamella was much lifted. The sparse coloration showed much showed significant difference when compared with the stained denaturation of the nucleus and cytoplasm. This showed severe gills of the control group.

Figure 4 represents the stained gills of effect of exposure when compared with the gills from the control exposed P. The result was characterized with poor colora- group. Also, the gill of non-exposed C. The colora- including the swimming pattern. However, the fish exposed to tion of the lamella with deep blue and pink is typical of nucleus leachate showed some behavioural variations which are typical and cytoplasm of any tissue identified to be in a normal condi- of neurotoxin toxicity.

These included the tendency of the fish to tion. Similarly, Figure 6 shows the stained gills of exposed gather at the surface and lose equilibrium. Despite the absence of most heavy metals in the leachate sam- ple, Hg value was above Malaysia discharge standard EQA, , This may be as a result of deposition of some waste substances that have mercuric compound in their formulation such as cosmetics containers, battery components, gasoline, paints, rubber and plastics that were discarded to the waste stream.

Waiting space should be provided near the scales and parking areas should be provided for employee vehicles and landfill equipment. Reference Reference: 1. Hughes, Ann D. Christy, And Joe E.

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Download now. Related titles. Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Landfill Leachate Treatment Review and Opportunity. Jump to Page. Search inside document. In this case, the leachate is controlled by other economical means rather than the installation of a costly leachate management system 2- landfills with significant leachate generation: in the case of significant leachate generation, a leachate management system would be a minimum requirement in landfill design.

Akyas M. Andre Suito. Ozbourne Lightning Maverick Miranda. Ibra Akb. Upen Sharma. Cele Adu-wusu. Brahmanto Anggoro Laksono. Camila Cuellar. Twinkle Cenn Masilungan. Two initial humidity conditions were untreated leachates were initially saturated with water, considered: i 0.

Additionally, two types of final soil cover were considered: a a 50 cm thick Pilot scale sandy clay loam SCL layer soil which allows vertical percolation plus a geotextile liner, a 10 cm lateral draining Pilot scale experiments were carried out in a Ton layer gravel , a 1.

Location of settling measurement points in pilot MSW landfill. Figure 4. Settling evolution in the 0. Evaluation estimated considering an initial value of 0. Water was added to the MSW landfills. The highest settlings were produced in the columns until a leachate was generated and the FC was first days of operation, reaching, in this period, a determined from the residue as the coefficient between the settling of At the end of the Table 1.

Evaluation conditions used for the hydrological balance computations. Settling measured at different points of the pilot sanitary landfill under different regimes of recirculation of treated leachates.

A: period with recirculation of treated leachates and B: period without recirculation of treated leachates. The settling data for each of the landfills was adjusted to the hyperbolic model proposed by Ling et al. Stabilization additionally, a higher level of biodegradation of the organic was considered to be reached when daily variation in matrix of the MSW may be occurring, which would be the settling rates was close to 0.

Furthermore, the alternative of treating recirculated landfills with recirculation of untreated leachates, leachates behaves as a two-phase reactor where the respectively. The decrease in pH of the generated leachate may be obtained on the pre-pilot scale, which is attributed to the attributed to the generation of volatile fatty acids from the drought lack of rainfall which occurred during its solubilized organic matter, since these compounds are operation, as there were long periods without leachate produced in hydrolytic-acidogenic reactors De La Rubia et generation and their subsequent recirculation.

However, it can be observed that for the efficient operation of the two-phase anaerobic digestion of the Theoretical cell organic solid residue, the concentration of volatile fatty acids and the pH must be controlled, since at low pH levels The ratio between FC and the MSW density obtained in the non-dissociated acids become inhibitors Babel et al.

This shows that it is fundamental to increase the level of humidity in the landfill Settling data measured in the pilot scale landfill was fitted until FC is reached by means of the addition of water or to the hyperbolic model reported by Ling et al.

It can be seen that 21 years, and was calculated using Equation 4 with the the soil cover has a significant influence over leachate same consideration used for the pre-pilot scale with regard generation, since the monolayer final cover presented a to daily variation percentage in settling rate. The maximum leachate production almost three times higher Figure 6. Variation of leachate production for experiment E-3 0.

Variation of leachate production for experiment E-4 0. This indicates that if a new MSW cell is initially recirculation back into the landfill. Furthermore, during the saturated with water or leachates from other cells, it would operation of the landfill, it is important to maintain MSW not be necessary to recirculate leachates to maintain the humidity close to its FC, as well as an adequate treated humidity of the MSW at the level of its FC.

However, it has leachate application rate. With regard to this factor it can be pointed out that a multilayer cover produces lower leachate flow. ISBN Water Science and Water Research, May , vol. Technology, , vol. Waste Management, from an old landfill cell. Water Science and Technology, , vol.